Comparisons المقارنات
# Waad is richer than Dai, but Sara is the richest.
Comparative and superlative comparisons
تشابه الصفة
3- Ahmed is as tall as Sayed.
عند تساوي طرفين في صفة واحدة نستخدم :-
# As + (صفة / حال) + as
– The apple is as heavy as the orange.
– An apple grows as slowly as an orange does.
نفي تشابه الصفة
# not as (صفة / حال) + as
# not so (صفة / حال) + as
– He is not so / as intelligent as his sister is.
الصفات الشاذة
| الصفة | (Comparative) مقارنة | (Superlative) تفضيل |
| good | Better than | The best |
| bad | Worse than | The worst |
| little | Less + اسم غير معدود | The least + اسم |
| many | More + اسم معدود | The most + اسم |
| much | More + اسم معدود | The most + اسم |
| Far (بعيد) | Farther than (مسافة فقط) | The farthest |
| Far (بعيد) | Further than (مسافة و زمن) | The furthest |
| old | Older than (أشخاص) | The oldest |
| old | Elder (أفراد عائلة)
لا تُتبع بـ (than) |
The eldest |
4- عند تساوي الصفة بين طرفي المقارنة نستخدم إحدى التركيبات الآتية :-
1- as + صفة + as
– Eslam is as tall as Mohamed.
2- The same +الاسم من الصفة + as + (اسم / ضمير)
– Eslam is the same weight as Mohamed.
3- The same + (الاسم من الصفة)
“في نهاية الجملة إذا كان طرفي المقارنة في بدايتها”
– Eslam and Mohamed are the same size.
بعض الصفات و الاسماء منها
| صفة | اسم | صفة | اسم |
| Big | size | Wide | width |
| Tall | height | Many | number |
| High | height | Much | quantity |
| Long | length | Heavy | weight |
| Deep | depth | Far | distance |
| Expensive | price | Strong | strength |
| Old | age | Fast | speed |
5- Amr has much more money than Said.
لتحديد مدى الفارق والتفاوت في الصفة بين طرفي المقارنة نستخدم الكلمات الآتية قبل صفات الشكل المقارن :-
- much
- a lot
- far = “a lot”
- a little
- a bit
- slightly = “a little”
6- Esraa is the cleverer of two friends.
ومن الممكن أن تسبق (The) صفة الشكل المقارن للتحديد في غياب (Than) كما في المثال السابق.
– I am the older of two brothers.
7- The harder you study, The higher marks you get.
– The more you work, The better salary you get.
ملاحظات على المقارنات
1- نستخدم (most / best) قبل الصفة بمعني (very much) .
# most / best = very much = greatly
– This book is most interesting. I enjoyed it very much.
– Of all my friends I like Ashour best.
2- نستخدم (older) حتى في عدم وجود (Than) طالما يوجد شكل المقارنة.
– I am the older of two brothers.
3- كلمة (further) فقط وليس (farther) قد يكون معناها (more) أو (additional) :-
– Tell me if you hear any further news.
4- less + (صفة / اسم) + than = not (as / so) ………. As
فمثلاً :
– I didn’t spend as much money as you.
تساوي في معناها
– I spent less money than you.
وأيضاً :
– It wasn’t so crowded as usual.
تساوي في معناها
– It was less crowded than usual.
5- نستطيع استخدام(any) أو (no) مع صفة الشكل المقارن :-
- no bigger
- any longer
– This hotel is better than the other one, and it is no more expensive.
– I have waited long enough. I am not waiting any longer. (a little)
– I have waited long enough. I am not waiting even a little longer.
6- as + صفة+ as / so + صفة + as :-
– عند تساوي الصفات بين الطرفين :-
# as + صفة + as (تُستخدم في الجمل المُثبتة و المنفية و الاستفهامية)
# so + صفة + as (تُستخدم في الجمل المنفية)
– Eslam is as big as Mohamed. – Eslam isn’t as big as Mohamed.
– Is Eslam as big as Mohamed? – Eslam isn’t so big as Mohamed.
– في حالة وجود مُضاعفات للصفات :-
# twice as + صفة + as # Three times as + صفة + as …..etc.
– Petrol is twice as expensive as it was a few years ago.
– Their house is about three times as big as ours.
7 – than me = than I am. etc .
جملة :
– you are taller than I am.
تساوي في معناها :
– You are taller than me.
وأيضاً جملة :
– He isn’t as clever as she is.
تساوي في معناها :
– He isn’t as clever as her.
8- لاحظ التركيبات الآتية :-
# فاعل + have + never + p.p + such (a/an) + صفة + اسم
– I have never bought such a cheap shirt.
# فاعل + have + never + p.p + اسم + as + صفة + as + (اسم / ضمير)
– I have never bought a shirt as cheap as this.
# فاعل + have + never + p.p + اسم صفة + er than + (اسم / ضمير)
# فاعل + have + never + p.p + اسم more + صفة than + (اسم / ضمير)
– I have never bought a shirt cheaper than this.
– This is the cheapest shirt I have ever bought.
9 – نستخدم بعض حروف الجر مع صفة التفضيل العليا(superlative) :-
# نستخدم حرف الجر(in) مع الأماكن بعد (superlative) مثل :-
– What is the longest river in the world?
– I am the best in my class.
# نستخدم حرف الجر(in) مع المؤسسات و جماعات الناس بعد (superlative) مثل :-
– Who is the youngest student in the class?
# حرف الجر (of) مع الفترات الزمنية بعد (superlative) مثل :-
– What was the happiest day of your life?
– Yesterday was the hottest day of the year.
